Low Carb Research

Low Carbohydrate Diets and Autism

Impaired Carbohydrate Digestion and Transport and Mucosal Dysbiosis in the Intestines of Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances

"Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism, complicate clinical management, and may contribute to behavioral impairment. Reports of deficiencies in disaccharidase enzymatic activity and of beneficial responses to probiotic and dietary therapies led us to survey gene expression and the mucoepithelial microbiota in intestinal biopsies from children with autism and gastrointestinal disease and children with gastrointestinal disease alone."

Full Text: Impaired Carbohydrate Digestion and Transport and Mucosal Dysbiosis in the Intestines of Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances


Application of a Ketogenic Diet in Children With Autistic Behavior: Pilot Study

"Although these data are very preliminary, there is some evidence that the ketogenic diet may be used in autistic behavior as an additional or alternative therapy. "

Abstract: Evangeliou et al, Application of a Ketogenic Diet in Children With Autistic Behavior: Pilot Study. J Child Neurol. 2003 Feb;18(2):113-8.





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Low Carbohydrate Diets and Bone Turnover

The Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Bone Turnover

"Although the patients on the low-carbohydrate diet did lose significantly more weight than the controls did, the diet did not increase bone turnover markers compared with controls at any time point. Further, there was no significant change in the bone turnover ratio compared with controls."
Abstract: Carter JD, Vasey FB, Valeriano J, The Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Bone Turnover, Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(9):1398-403. Epub 2006 May 23

Protein consumption is an important predictor of lower limb bone mass in elderly women

These data suggest that protein intakes for elderly women above current recommendations may be necessary to optimize bone mass."
Full Text: Devine et al, Protein consumption is an important predictor of lower limb bone mass in elderly women. AJCN.Vol. 81, No. 6, 1423-1428, June 2005

Dietary Protein: An Essential Nutrient For Bone Health

"Consequently, dietary proteins are as essential as calcium and vitamin D for bone health and osteoporosis prevention. Furthermore, there is no consistent evidence for superiority of vegetal over animal proteins on calcium metabolism, bone loss prevention and risk reduction of fragility fractures."
Full Text: Bonjour JP, Dietary Protein: An Essential Nutrient For Bone Health. AJCN. Vol. 24, No. 90006, 526S-536S (2005)

Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited

"Dietary protein intakes at and below 0.8 g/kg were associated with a probable reduction in intestinal calcium absorption sufficient to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism. The long-term consequences of these low-protein diet–induced changes in mineral metabolism are not known, but the diet could be detrimental to skeletal health. Of concern are several recent epidemiologic studies that demonstrate reduced bone density and increased rates of bone loss in individuals habitually consuming low-protein diets. Studies are needed to determine whether low protein intakes directly affect rates of bone resorption, bone formation, or both."
Full Text: Kerstetter et al, Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited. AJCN, Vol. 78, No. 3, 584S-592S, Sep 2003

Low Protein Intake: The Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans

"The highest protein diet resulted in hypercalciuria with no change in serum parathyroid hormone. Surprisingly, within 4 d, the low protein diet induced secondary hyperparathyroidism that persisted for 2 wk. The secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by the low protein diet was attributed to a reduction in intestinal calcium absorption (as assessed by dual stable calcium isotopes). The long-term consequences of these low protein–induced changes in calcium metabolism are not known, but they could be detrimental to skeletal health. Several recent epidemiological studies demonstrate reduced bone density and increased rates of bone loss in individuals habitually consuming low protein diets."
Full Text: Kerstetter et al, Low Protein Intake: The Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans. J. Nutr. 133:855S-861S, March 2003

Further studies of the effect of a high protein diet as meat on calcium metabolism

During the long-term high meat intake and during the short- term high meat studies, there was no significant change of the urinary or fecal calcium nor of the calcium balance. There was also no significant change of the intestinal absorption of calcium during the high meat intake. These long- and short-term studies have confirmed our previous results that a high protein intake, given as meat, does not lead to hypercalciuria and does not induce calcium loss."
Full Text: Spencer et al, Further studies of the effect of a high protein diet as meat on calcium metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983 Jun;37(6):924-9.

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Low Carbohydrate Diets and Cancer

A Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet Slows Tumor Growth and Prevents Cancer Initiation

"Moreover, whereas only 1 mouse on the Western diet achieved a normal life span, due to cancer-associated deaths, more than 50% of the mice on the low CHO diet reached or exceeded the normal life span. Taken together, our findings offer a compelling preclinical illustration of the ability of a low CHO diet in not only restricting weight gain but also cancer development and progression."

Full Text: Victor W. Ho et al, A Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet Slows Tumor Growth and Prevents Cancer Initiation. Cancer Res July 1, 2011 71:4484-4493; Published OnlineFirst June 14, 2011; doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3973


Acetoacetate reduces growth and ATP concentration in cancer cell lines which over-express uncoupling protein 2

"Seven human cancer cell lines grown in glucose plus acetoacetate medium showed tightly coupled reduction of growth and ATP concentration. The findings were not observed in control fibroblasts. The observed over-expression of UCP2 in cancer lines, but not in controls, provides a plausible molecular mechanism by which acetoacetate spares normal cells but suppresses growth in cancer lines. The results bear on the hypothesized potential for ketogenic diets as therapeutic strategies."
Full Text: Fine et al, Acetoacetate reduces growth and ATP concentration in cancer cell lines which over-express uncoupling protein 2. Cancer Cell Int. 2009 May 29;9:14.



The calorically restricted ketogenic diet, an effective alternative therapy for malignant brain cancer

"We found that KetoCal®, a nutritionally balanced and commercially available ketogenic diet for children with epilepsy, significantly reduced the orthotopic growth and the vascularity of the mouse astrocytoma (CT-2A) and the human glioma (U87). Moreover, KetoCal® significantly prolonged survival in the tumor-bearing mice. It is important to mention that the anti-angiogenic and growth inhibitory effects of KetoCal® were observed only when the diet was administered in restricted amounts but were not seen when the diet was administered ad libitum, or in unrestricted amounts."
Full Text: Zhou W et al, The calorically restricted ketogenic diet, an effective alternative therapy for malignant brain cancer, Nutr Metab (Lond) 2007, 4:5


Targeting energy metabolism in brain cancer: review and hypothesis

"In contrast to malignant brain tumors that are largely dependent on glycolysis for energy, normal neurons and glia readily transition to ketone bodies (ß-hydroxybutyrate) for energy in vivo when glucose levels are reduced. The bioenergetic transition from glucose to ketone bodies metabolically targets brain tumors through integrated anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms. The approach focuses more on the genomic flexibility of normal cells than on the genomic defects of tumor cells and is supported from recent studies in orthotopic mouse brain tumor models and in human pediatric astrocytoma treated with dietary energy restriction and the ketogenic diet."
Full Text: Thomas N Seyfried and Purna Mukherjee, Targeting energy metabolism in brain cancer: review and hypothesis, Nutrition & Metabolism 2005, 2:30


Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports

"Within 7 days of initiating the ketogenic diet, blood glucose levels declined to low-normal levels and blood ketones were elevated twenty to thirty fold. Results of PET scans indicated a 21.8% average decrease in glucose uptake at the tumor site in both subjects. One patient exhibited significant clinical improvements in mood and new skill development during the study. She continued the ketogenic diet for an additional twelve months, remaining free of disease progression."
Abstract: Nebeling et al, Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Apr;14(2):202-8.


Effect of insulin on weight loss and tumour growth in a cachexia model.

"These results suggest that a ketogenic diet is more effective than insulin administration in reversing the cachectic process and has the advantage of a concomitant reduction in tumour weight."
Abstract: Beck SA, Tisdale MJ, Effect of insulin on weight loss and tumour growth in a cachexia model, Br J Cancer. 1989 May;59(5):677-81

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Low Carb Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction vs low-fat diet on flow-mediated dilation.

"After 12 weeks, peak flow-mediated dilation at 3 hours increased from 5.1% to 6.5% in the CRD group and decreased from 7.9% to 5.2% in the LFD group (P = .004). These findings show that a 12-week low-carbohydrate diet improves postprandial vascular function more than a LFD in individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia."

Abstract: Volek et al, Effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction vs low-fat diet on flow-mediated dilation. Metabolism. 2009 Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print]


Long-term consumption of a carbohydrate-restricted diet does not induce deleterious metabolic effects.

"These results indicate that long-term (>1 year) compliance with a low-CHO high-fat "optimal diet" does not induce deleterious metabolic effects and does not increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, as evidenced by maintenance of adequate glycemic control and relatively low values for conventional cardiovascular risk factors."

Abstract: Grieb et al, Long-term consumption of a carbohydrate-restricted diet does not induce deleterious metabolic effects. Nutr Res. 2008 Dec;28(12):825-33.


Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity

"An LC does not impair FMD. We observed beneficial effects of both diets on most of the CVD risk factors measured. "

Abstract: Keogh J et al, Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity. AJCN, Vol. 87, No. 3, 567-576, March 2008


Restoration of coronary endothelial function in obese Zucker rats by a low-carbohydrate diet

" In conclusion, obesity-induced impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arterioles can be dramatically improved with a low-carbohydrate diet most likely through the production of a hyperpolarizing factor independent of NO."

Abstract: Focardi M, Dick GM, Picchi A, Zhang C, Chilian WM. Restoration of coronary endothelial function in obese Zucker rats by a low-carbohydrate diet. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H2093–H2099, 2007.


Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high cholesterol level

"The body weight and body mass index of both groups decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). The level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose level decreased significantly (P < 0.0001), whereas HDL cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.0001) after the treatment in both groups."

Full Text (PDF): Dashti et al, Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high cholesterol level. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jun;286(1-2):1-9. Epub 2006 Apr 21.


Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on emerging plasma markers for cardiovascular disease

"An important finding was that carbohydrate restriction resulted in a spontaneous decrease in caloric intake and subsequent weight loss and improvement in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the majority of subjects. Thus, it can be concluded that a diet approach based on carbohydrate restriction provides an acceptable and effective model diet to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders."

Full Text: Wood et al, Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on emerging plasma markers for cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 May 4;3:19.

Low Carbohydrate Diets Improve Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Even in the Absence of Weight Loss

"A recent report of Krauss et al. (AJCN, 2006) separates the effects of weight loss and carbohydrate restriction. They clearly confirm that carbohydrate restriction leads to an improvement in atherogenic lipid states in the absence of weight loss or in the presence of higher saturated fat. In distinction, low fat diets seem to require weight loss for effective improvement in atherogenic dyslipidemia."

Full Text: Richard D Feinman and Jeff S Volek, Low Carbohydrate Diets Improve Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Even in the Absence of Weight Loss, Nutrition & Metabolism 2006, 3:24 doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-24

Comparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk

"Isocaloric VLCARB results in similar fat loss than diets low in saturated fat, but are more effective in improving triacylglycerols, HDL-C, fasting and post prandial glucose and insulin concentrations. VLCARB may be useful in the short-term management of subjects with insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolemia."

Full Text: Noakes et al, Comparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 Jan 11;3:7.

Cardiovascular and Hormonal Aspects of Very-Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diets (Review)

"Our work over the last 5 years has indicated that short-term VLCKDs are associated with improvements in a number of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in particular, those associated with the metabolic syndrome. These have included favorable affects on whole body and central fat loss, fasting and postprandial TAGs, HDL-C, LDL-C subclass distribution, and insulin resistance, suggesting that carbohydrate restriction could be a viable approach for preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome. We are currently pursuing the effects of VLCKDs on many standard and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in men and women with the metabolic syndrome in our laboratory."

Full Text: Jeff S. Volek and Matthew J. Sharman, Cardiovascular and Hormonal Aspects of Very-Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diets, Obesity Research 12:115S-123S (2004)

Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients

"The present study shows the beneficial effects of a long-term ketogenic diet. It significantly reduced the body weight and body mass index of the patients. Furthermore, it decreased the level of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose, and increased the level of HDL cholesterol. Administering a ketogenic diet for a relatively longer period of time did not produce any significant side effects in the patients. Therefore, the present study confirms that it is safe to use a ketogenic diet for a longer period of time than previously demonstrated."

Abstract: Dashti et al, Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients. Clinical Cardiology, 2004, 9(3), pages 200-205.

A low-carbohydrate diet in overweight patients undergoing stable statin therapy raises high-density lipoprotein and lowers triglycerides substantially

"The 38 patients were followed for a average of 11.8 months (range 6-22 months). Average body mass index declined from 33.5 kg/m2 before to 27.9 kg/m2 at the end of the study. Weight loss averaged 31 lbs (range 16-107 lbs). Triglyceride levels were lowered by 29.5%, HDL raised by 17.6%, and cholesterol decreased by 8.4%. The cholesterol/ HDL ratio changed from 5.31 to 3.78 and LDL cholesterol decreased by 5%."

Abstract: GANN Dietmar, A low-carbohydrate diet in overweight patients undergoing stable statin therapy raises high-density lipoprotein and lowers triglycerides substantially. Clinical cardiology. 2004, vol. 27, no10, pp. 563-564

A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity

"In contrast, the low-carbohydrate diet was associated with greater decreases in serum triglycerides and greater increases in HDL cholesterol than was the conventional diet, and the levels of both are also important risk factors for coronary heart disease.31,32,33 The magnitude of these changes approximates that obtained with pharmacologic treatments, such as derivatives of fibric acid and niacin.31 Although part of this benefit may be due to the greater weight loss with the low-carbohydrate diet, the changes are greater than those expected from a moderate weight loss alone.30 Therefore, it is likely that the macronutrient composition of the diet contributed to the improvement in the HDL cholesterol–triglyceride axis. High-carbohydrate, low-fat diets decrease HDL cholesterol concentrations and increase serum triglyceride concentrations,34,35,36,37 whereas low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets decrease triglyceride concentrations16,27,37 and increase HDL cholesterol concentrations.15 Moreover, replacing dietary polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat with carbohydrate is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, as predicted by changes in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations.38"

Full Text: Foster et al, A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2082-90.


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Low Carbohydrate Diets and Childhood Obesity

Metabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescents

"The ketogenic diet revealed more pronounced improvements in weight loss and metabolic parameters than the hypocaloric diet and may be a feasible and safe alternative for children’s weight loss."

Abstract: Ioanna Partsalaki, Alexia Karvela, Bessie E. Spiliotis, Metabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. Volume 25, Issue 7-8, Pages 697–704, ISSN (Online) 2191-0251, ISSN (Print) 0334-018X, DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2012-0131, July 2012


Low-carbohydrate (low & high-fat) versus high-carbohydrate low-fat diets in the treatment of obesity in adolescents


"The significant drop in insulin level and HOMA in the low carbohydrate diet groups is noteworthy given the increasing frequency of type-2 diabetes as part of metabolic syndrome in children and youth."

Abstract: Demol et al, Low-carbohydrate (low & high-fat) versus high-carbohydrate low-fat diets in the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Sep 29


Unlimited Energy, Restricted Carbohydrate Diet Improves Lipid Parameters in Obese Children


"We have demonstrated a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides in elementary school–aged children after 10 weeks of a restricted-carbohydrate, unlimited
protein, and unlimited energy diet. We suggest that this diet may decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Long-term studies will be needed to substantiate these
data."

Full Text: Brian S. Dunlap, James R. Bailes, Jr.. Unlimited Energy, Restricted Carbohydrate Diet Improves Lipid Parameters in Obese Children. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. March 1, 2008, 6(1): 32-36. doi:10.1089/met.2007.0023.


Effect of Low-Carbohydrate, Unlimited Calorie Diet on the Treatment of Childhood Obesity: A Prospective Controlled Study


"A high protein, low carbohydrate, unlimited calorie diet was superior to a restricted calorie protocol for weight loss in obese school age children; moreover, compliance was better."

Abstract: Bailes et al, Effect of Low-Carbohydrate, Unlimited Calorie Diet on the Treatment of Childhood Obesity: A Prospective Controlled Study. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2003, 1(3): 221-225.



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Low Carbohydrate Diets & Diabetes

Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes

"Low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effective in improving various markers of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy of diabetes management. "

Abstract: Olubukola Ajala, Patrick English, and Jonathan Pinkney, Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes Am J Clin Nutr 2013 97: 3 505-516; First published online January 30, 2013. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.042457


The hypocaloric diet in type 2 diabetes - déjà vu

"It is interesting to note that a low carbohydrate diet in association with reduced caloric intake is as effective at ‘curing’ obese type 2 diabetes now as it was in the 18th century. However, the biochemical and technical advances of the past couple of centuries have permitted modern studies to add to knowledge and perhaps more importantly reawaken interest in this non-pharmacological approach to treatment. This is particularly pertinent given the increasing burden of diabesity on healthcare systems."

Full Text: Caroline Day and Clifford J Bailey, The hypocaloric diet in type 2 diabetes - déjà vu The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease January/February 2012 12: 48-51, doi:10.1177/1474651412437503



Influence of Fat and Carbohydrate Proportions on the Metabolic Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

"Our findings suggested that replacing fat with carbohydrate could deteriorate insulin resistance while the adverse effect on triglycerides from the LFHC diet could be avoided by restricting energy intake to a degree sufficient for the attainment of weight reduction. "

Full Text: Kodama et al, Influence of Fat and Carbohydrate Proportions on the Metabolic Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis Diabetes Care May 2009 32:959-965; doi:10.2337/dc08-1716


The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

"The LCKD group had greater improvements in hemoglobin A1c (-1.5% vs. -0.5%, p=0.03),
body weight (-11.1 kg vs. -6.9 kg, p=0.008), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (+5.6 mg/dL vs. 0 mg/dL, p<0.001) compared to the LGID group. Diabetes medications were reduced or eliminated in 95.2% of LCKD vs. 62% of LGID participants (p<0.01)."

Full Text: Westman et al, The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Dec 19;5(1):36.


Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes: stable improvement of bodyweight and glycemic control during 44 months follow-up

"A reduced carbohydrate diet is effective in motivated patients and can be recommended for overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. There has been no sign of a negative cardiovascular effect."

Full Text: Nielsen JV, Joensson EA, Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes: stable improvement of bodyweight and glycemic control during 44 months follow-up. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 May 22;5:14.


Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal

"Current nutritional approaches to metabolism syndrome and type 2 diabetes generally rely on reductions in dietary fat. The success of such approaches has been limited and therapy more generally relies on pharmacology. The argument is made that a re-evaluation of the role of carbohydrate restriction, the historical and intuitive approach to the problem, may provide an alternative and possibly superior dietary strategy."

Full Text: Accurso et al, Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Nutrition & Metabolism 2008, 5:9


A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes

"In summary, the LCKD had positive effects on body weight, waist measurement, serum triglycerides, and glycemic control in a cohort of 21 participants with type 2 diabetes. Most impressive is that improvement in hemoglobin A1c was observed despite a small sample size and short duration of follow-up, and this improvement in glycemic control occurred while diabetes medications were reduced substantially in many participants."

Full Text: Yancy et al, A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. Nutr etab (Lond). 2005 Dec 1;2:34.

Nutrition in patients with Type 2 diabetes: are low carbohydrate diets effective, safe or desirable? (Review)

"It does appear from recent studies that risks associated with short-term use of low-carbohydrate diets have been exaggerated. Many professionals feel that the diets should not be promoted until we have more evidence. A very recent systematic review of diet interventions for patients with Type 2 diabetes [142] serves to remind us that we have remarkably little long-term evidence for any dietary intervention in this condition."

Full Text: R. L. Kennedy, K. Chokkalingam and H. R. Farshchi, Nutrition in patients with Type 2 diabetes: are low carbohydrate diets effective, safe or desirable? Diabet. Med. 22, 821–832 (2005)


The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management

"Evidence from various randomized controlled trials in recent years has convinced us that such diets are safe and effective, at least in short-term. These data show low carbohydrate diets to be comparable or better than traditional low fat high carbohydrate diets for weight reduction, improvement in the dyslipidemia of diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as control of blood pressure, postprandial glycemia and insulin secretion. Furthermore, the ability of low carbohydrate diets to reduce triglycerides and to increase HDL is of particular importance."

Full Text: Surender K Arora and Samy I McFarlane, The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management, Nutrition & Metabolism 2005, 2:16


Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes

"Thus, a LoBAG diet ingested for 5 weeks dramatically reduced the circulating glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Potentially, this could be a patient-empowering way to ameliorate hyperglycemia without pharmacological intervention"

Full Text: Mary C. Gannon and Frank Q. Nuttall, Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes September 2004 53:2375-2382; doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2375

The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Regimen on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipids in Diabetes Mellitus

"A carbohydrate-restricted regimen improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in selected motivated patients. Therefore, further investigation of the effects of this protocol on treating diabetes mellitus should be considered. Additionally, the reduction of insulin afforded by this diet could theoretically lead to a reduction in hypoglycemic events."

Abstract: O'Neill et al, The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Regimen on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipids in Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2003, 1(4): 291-298



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